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Abnormal Psychology – Exam 3 Correct
Questions and Answers.
Substance Use Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder that has long-term effects of the consumption of a substance? Characterized by tolerance and withdrawal? Tolerance - Correct Answer What is the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect? Withdrawal - Correct Answer What is it when symptoms are associated with absence of a substance? EX. Shaking, sweating, delirium, headaches Substance Intoxication - Correct Answer What substance specific problematic behavior or psychological changes happen shortly after the use of a substance. Can occur with or without a substance use disorder? Tobacco - Correct Answer What is the only category without intoxication? Is the substance that is most commonly used, but not commonly diagnosed? 1.) Clinically significant impairment or distress 2.) At least 2 symptoms in the past 12 months -Substance taken in large amounts, unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use, craving, tolerance, use despite of knowledge of physical and psychological harm. - Correct Answer What is the Substance Use Disorder criteria? (2) Substance withdrawal - Correct Answer Substance-specific problematic behavioral or psychological changes due to the cessation of, or reduction in heavy and prolonged use? U.S 6.8%, 2x more men(American Indian) than women - Correct Answer What is the prevalence of Alcohol -Related Disorders? Which gender does it effect more? U.S. 7% - Correct Answer What is the prevalence of Caffeine Disorders? Highest use in 18-29 year old. Mostly in men. - Correct Answer What is the prevalence and demographics for Cannabis -Related Disorders?
Red eyes, yellow finger tips, chronic cough, less energy - Correct Answer What are signs of Cannabis Related Disorders? Two hours - Correct Answer Two or more within ______ hours of cannabis use 1.) Conjuctiual Injection 2.) Increased appetite 3.) Dry mouth 4.) Tachycardia (Abnormal heart rate) Within one week - Correct Answer When should cannabis withdrawal happen to be considered for DSM-V? Hallucinogen -Related Disorders - Correct Answer What related disorders produce feelings of separation from mind and body in low doses? And produces stupor or coma in high doses? Few; weeks - Correct Answer For Hallucinogen - Related Disorders primary psychoactive effects last a _______ hours, but could also be some ______ and may experience schizophrenia symptoms. Inhalant Related Disorders - Correct Answer What disorder does not show up on drug screens and is most common in adolescents? Slurred speech, lack of body control, vomiting, dizziness, euphoria - Correct Answer What are the effects of Inhalant Related Disorders? "Sudden sniffing death", rashes around mouth and/or nose, hearing loss, nerve damage, brain damage - Correct Answer What are the consequences of Inhalant Related Disorders? Opioid Related Disorders - Correct Answer What disorder can be diagnosed with or without a prescription, has higher mortality rates and significant long-term effects? Heroin, oxy, Vicodin, fentanyl. morphine - Correct Answer What are examples of things that could lead to Opioid Related Disorders? Drowsiness, coma, slurred speech, impairment in attention or memory. - Correct Answer What symptoms are involved with Opioid Intoxication? Dysphoric mood, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, dilation, sweating, diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia - Correct Answer What symptoms are involved with Opioid Withdrawal? Within minutes to several days? Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Related disorders - Correct Answer What disorder is easy to develop a tolerance and withdrawal? Death can be due to overdose in which the person stops breathing while sleeping?
1.) Desire 2.) Excitement 3.) Orgasm - Correct Answer Sexual functioning affects one or more ______? (3) Lifelong - Correct Answer Differences in sexual dysfunctions: Some people experience sexual dysfunction their whole lives? Acquired - Correct Answer Differences in sexual dysfunctions: Used to experience "normal" sexual functioning? Example: Rape Continuous - Correct Answer Differences in sexual dysfunctions: Dysfunction present in all sexual situations? Situational - Correct Answer Differences in sexual dysfunctions: Tied to specific situations? Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder - Correct Answer DESIRE: Disorder where men's lack of interest in sexual activity? Experiences few or no sexual thoughts, fantasies, desires? Present for at least 6 months? Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder - Correct Answer DESIRE: Females lack of "normal" interest in sexual activity? Present for at least 6 months? Biological: Hormone abnormalities, medications, chronic illness Psychological: Increase in anxiety, depression, anger, fears, attitudes, memories. Sociocultural: Attitudes, fears, and psychological disorders, situational pressures, molestation or assault, cultural standards - Correct Answer Causes of disorders of desire? Bio, psych, socio? Erectile Dysfunction Disorder - Correct Answer What disorder is the persistent inability to attain or maintain and erection? Many as 1/4 men? Disorders of Excitement - Correct Answer Disorders marked by changes in the pelvic region, general physical arousal and increases in heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, rate of breathing? Biological: Tested or determined Psychological: Due to performance anxiety or being "spectator role" Sociocultural: Job and marital distress - Correct Answer Causes of disorders of excitement? Bio, psych, socio? Premature Ejaculation - Correct Answer Men: Happens within one minute of beginning sex? Female Orgasmic Disorder - Correct Answer Women: Delay, absence of ejaculation?
Biological: Genetic predisposition, over or under reactive serotonin receptors Psychological: Sexual inexperience, previously rushed masturbation or sex - Correct Answer Causes of Premature Ejaculation: Bio, Psych? Biological: Low testosterone, neurological, head/spinal cord injury, alcohol Psychological: Performance anxiety, lack of desire - Correct Answer Causes of Delayed Ejaculation? Bio and psych? Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is extreme physical discomfort during intercourse? 1.) Asses if dysfunction is psychological 2.) Assess for psychological or sociocultural causes (Therapy, self-help, sex therapy) 3.) May need both physical and psychological help. (Gynecologist, physical therapist, sex therapy) - Correct Answer Treatments for sexual dysfunction? (3) 1.) Aversion therapy 2.) Masturbatory Satiation 3.) Orgasmic Reorientation - Correct Answer What are the main treatments for Paraphilic Disorders? (3) Paraphilic Disorders - Correct Answer What type of disorders are when an individual experiences recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve objects as "abnormal"? Fetishistic Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies that involve the use of non-living objects? Person NEEDS to feel stressed? Could be due to classical conditioning? Transvestic Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there are fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving dressing as other genders in order to achieve sexual arousal? Usually done in private. May involve operant conditioning. Exhibitionist Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder characterized by arousal from the exposure of genitals in a public setting to non consenting people? Wants to surprise by exposing. Usually begins before 18. Voyeuristic Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there are sexual urges to observe other people as they undress or engage in sexual activity? Peeping tom. Aroused by "spying". Could be due to having an accidental experience (seeing someone undress). Frotteuristic Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is fantasy, urge, or behavior of rubbing against a non consenting person? Usually fantasizes they are in a relationship with the person. Usually begins as a teen and acting on urges can decrease or disappear after the age of 25.
3.) Taste - Usually a strange or unpleasant flavor 4.) Visual - See things that aren't there, or visual disturbances (think things are growing or shrinking) 5.) Olfactory - Usually unpleasant. The person may believe it is coming from his/her own body - Correct Answer Hallucinations: False Sensory Perceptions (5) Delusions - Correct Answer What are false beliefs that are unlikely to change, even when confronted with conflicting evidence? Are deemed bizarre if they are clearly implausible and not understandable to same-culture peers and do not derive from ordinary life experiences. Thinking you are Christ reborn, you feel like someone took your organs, but there is no evidence of that - Correct Answer Examples of a bizarre delusion? Someone is following you when they are, partner is cheating on you. - Correct Answer Examples of non-bizarre delusion? 1.) Persecutory - You are going to be harmed or harassed by an individual, organization, or other group 2.) Referential - Certain gestures, comments, or environmental cues are directed at oneself. Ex. Someone believes someone is talking to them or about them. 3.) Somatic - Preoccupation regarding health and organ function Ex. Think something that is not plausible, bugs in organs 4.) Religious - He or she is a religious figure or religious character (e.g., Jesus, and angel), or being controlled by a religious character (e.g, Satan) 5.) Grandiose - Individual believes he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame 6.) Nihilistic - Belief that a major catastrophe will occur 7.) Erotomanic - An individual falsely believes that another person is in love with him/her. Could be a celebrity or a stranger 8.) Jealous - Conviction that his or her spouse or lover is unfaithful - Correct Answer What are the eight themes of delusions? Disorganized Thinking (Speech) - Correct Answer What is switching quickly from one topic to another? Complete incoherence (word salad(vomit))? Disorganized/Abnormal Motor Behavior - Correct Answer What is from childlike "silliness" to unpredictable agitation? Catatonia: marked decrease in reactivity to the environment? (Maintains a rigid, inappropriate or bizarre posture. Could include mutism, stupor, staring, grimacing, echoing of speech) 1.) Diminished Emotional Expression - Less eye contact, intonation of speech, movements of the hands, face, or head that give emotional emphasis to speech 2.) Avolition - Decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities Results in sitting or long periods of time and showing little interest in participating in social activities
- Asociality - Apparent lack of interest in social interactions - Correct Answer What are negative symptoms? Lack of or reduction in certain behaviors/abilities. Seen more in schizophrenia, and are less prominent in other psychotic disorders. (3) Brief Psychotic Disorder - Correct Answer What is the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech? May also have grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Duration is at least one day. 1.) With marked stressor(s): Brief reactive psychosis 2.) Without marked stressor(s) 3.) With postpartum onset: within 4 weeks postpartum - Correct Answer What are the specifiers of Brief Psychotic Disorder? (3) Schizophreniform Disorder - Correct Answer Two or more for a significant portion of time during a one month period (but less than 6 months)
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms *If diagnosis is made without waiting for recovery, it should be qualified as "provisional" Schizophrenia - Correct Answer Two or more for a significant portion of time during a one month period
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized Speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms *Disturbance persists for at least 6 months **Age of onset is typically early to mid 20s for males, and late 20s for females Type 1: Positive Symptoms Type 2: Negative Symptoms - Correct Answer What are type one and type two of schizophrenia dominated by? Schizoaffective Disorder - Correct Answer What is the disorder that has delusions or hallucinations for two or more weeks without major mood episodes? Must also have major mood episodes present for the majority of the illness? Bipolar type or depressive type. Diathesis-Stress Model - Correct Answer Model: People with a biological predisposition will develop schizophrenia only if certain kinds of stressors or events are also present?
Personality Disorder - Correct Answer An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs:
- Sense of self
- Emotional experience
- Goals
- Capacity for empathy
- Capacity for intimacy Paranoid Personality Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where a person displays deep distrust and suspicion of others? Interprets other people's behaviors as malevolent. Person will often blame others when things go wrong. Must begin in early adulthood. Schizoid Personality Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in INTERPERSONAL settings? Seen as a "loner". SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER - Correct Answer A disorder where there is pervasive patterns of social and interpersonal deficits in which there is significant discomfort with and a reduced capacity for close relationships? ALSO has cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior (Superstitions, paranoia). Antisocial Personality Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others? Deceit and manipulation are features. Person must at least be 18 years old. Borderline Personality Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity?Often display impulsive, self-destructive behavior. Histrionic Personality Disorder - Correct Answer Disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of extreme emotionality and attention-seeking? Present as theatrical or like they are acting. Are often seen as vain, self-centered, and demanding. Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Correct Answer A disorder where there is a pattern of grandiose behavior, the need for admiration, and feeling no empathy with others (6. percent of adults)(75% men). Avoidant Personality Disorder - Correct Answer A disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation? Behavior often starts in infancy or childhood (shyness, isolation, and fear of strangers and new situations). 2.4% in the U.S. Dependent Personality Disorder - Correct Answer A disorder where there is a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior? Allows others to make their decisions. May endure abuse just to be taken care of.
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder - Correct Answer A disorder where there is a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control? Time is often poorly managed, and important tasks are often left to the last moment. 2-8% prevalence
