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Abnormal Psychology Final Exam Rated
100% Correct.
abnormal behavior - Correct AnswerPatterns of thought, emotion, and actions that are deviant, unexpected, or "away from the standard" based on statistical, social-cultural, and/or functional standards. abnormal psychology - Correct AnswerThe scientific study of abnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and ultimately change abnormal patterns of functioning. acute stress disorder - Correct AnswerAn anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization, and lasting less than a month. Many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder. addiction - Correct AnswerPhysical dependence on a substance marked by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms during abstinence, or both. affect - Correct AnswerA subjective feeling of emotion or mood often accompanied by bodily expressions noticeable to others. age of onset - Correct AnswerPerson's age when he or she develops or exhibits symptoms of a disorder. agnosia - Correct AnswerInability to recognize and name objects; may be a symptom of dementia or other brain disorders. agoraphobia - Correct AnswerAnxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or help unavailable if panic symptoms were to occur. alogia - Correct AnswerDeficiency in the amount or content of speech, a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia. Also known as poverty of speech. alternate personalities / alters - Correct AnswerIn dissociative identity disorder, the additional identities along with the host identity. Also known as subpersonalities.
American Law Institute (ALI) test (1955) - Correct AnswerA legal test for insanity that holds a person to be insane at the time of committing a crime, if during criminal conduct, the individual could not judge right from wrong or control his or her behavior as required by law. Compare M'Naghten Rule and irresistible impulse. amnestic disorders - Correct AnswerOrganic disorders in which the primary symptom is memory loss. anhedonia - Correct AnswerInability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and schizophrenic disorders. anorexia nervosa - Correct AnswerEating disorder characterized by continual food refusal and the pursuit of extreme thinness, leading to dangerously low body weight. antisocial personality disorder - Correct AnswerA personality disorder marked by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Deceitful, unremorseful, manipulative, lacks anxiety and guilt. anxiety - Correct AnswerMood state characterized by marked negative affect, behaviors, and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. anxiety disorders - Correct AnswerA varied group of disorders that all have anxiety, fear, or tension as an essential feature. Includes specific phobias, social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. aphasia - Correct AnswerImpairment or loss of language skills resulting from brain damage caused by stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other illness or trauma. apraxia - Correct AnswerLoss of motor activities (such as walking); one of the symptoms of dementia. Asperger's disorder - Correct AnswerA pervasive developmental disorder in which individuals display profound social impairment and restricted or unusual behaviors, but without language delays seen in autism. attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Correct AnswerDevelopmental disorder in which persons are unable to focus their attention, they behave hyperactively or impulsively, or both. auditory hallucinations - Correct AnswerPsychotic disturbance in perception in which a person hears sounds or voices although these are not real or actually present. The voices are often critical, accusatory, or demanding.
body dysmorphic disorder - Correct AnswerA somatoform disorder marked by preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance, for example, facial blemishes, size or shape of nose or ears. borderline personality disorder - Correct AnswerA personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of erratic moods, unstable self-image and relationships, cannot stand to be alone; intense anger, depression, and extremely impulsive behavior, including self-mutilation. brief psychotic disorder - Correct AnswerPsychotic disorder involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech and behavior, that appear suddenly after a very stressful event and last anywhere from a few hours to 1 month. bulimia nervosa - Correct AnswerEating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (e.g., deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercise). anorexia nervosa, binge-eating-purging type (bulimarexia) - Correct AnswerA variation of anorexia in which the individual turns to bingeing and then goes on to vomiting or other purging as a way of keeping weight at very low levels. catatonia - Correct AnswerA pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms sometimes found in schizophrenia involving immobility, posturing, or excited agitation. categorical classification - Correct AnswerA system of placing disorders in categories with the assumption that each disorder is clearly different from every other disorder (an "all-or-none" approach). Based on the medical model in which every diagnosis has a distinct set of characteristics and underlying cause. Compare to dimensional classification. childhood disintegrative disorder - Correct AnswerPervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to 4-year period of normal development. civil commitment - Correct AnswerLegal proceedings that determine whether a person is mentally disordered and may be hospitalized, even involuntarily. clang - Correct AnswerA rhyme used by some persons with schizophrenia as a guide to forming thoughts and statements. clinical assessment / clinical interview - Correct AnswerSystematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder. clinical psychology - Correct AnswerThe specialty of psychology involving research, assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior.
cognition - Correct AnswerThe process of knowing; the thinking, remembering, judging, reasoning, and planning activities of the human mind. Behavior is often explained as depending on these processes. cognitive-behavioral paradigm - Correct AnswerThe model of human behavior that people can best be understood by studying how they perceive and structure their experiences and how this influences behavior. cognitive therapy - Correct AnswerTreatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes. communication disorders - Correct AnswerProblems in transmitting or conveying information, including stuttering, selective mutism, and expressive language disorder. comorbidity - Correct AnswerThe presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time. compensatory behaviors - Correct AnswerIn eating disorders, those behaviors intended to avoid gaining weight from ingesting food. Examples are purging, forced vomiting, use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. competency - Correct AnswerAbility of legal defendants to participate in their own defense and understand the charges and the roles of the trial participants. compulsions - Correct AnswerRepetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behaviors or thoughts a person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety. conduct disorder - Correct AnswerPattern of extreme disobedience in children, including theft, vandalism, lying, running away from home, and early drug use. May be precursor of antisocial personality disorder. conversion disorder - Correct AnswerA somatoform disorder in which the person reports sensory or motor function impairment (such as blindness or paralysis), even though there is no detectable neurological explanation for the deficits. course - Correct AnswerThe pattern of development and change of a disorder over time. course modifiers - Correct AnswerPatterns of development in a disorder that help predict its future course. These include recurrence, time sequences, and seasonal patterns. criminal commitment - Correct AnswerLegal procedure by which a person who is found not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity is confined in a psychiatric hospital.
depersonalization - Correct AnswerA disorder marked by a persistent and recurring feeling of being detached from one's own mental processes or body; the loss of one's sense of their own reality. Examples: feeling like you are in a dream; sensation of floating above or beside your body and observing yourself act. (depressive) cognitive triad - Correct AnswerThinking errors in depressed people that are negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future. derailment - Correct AnswerA thinking disturbance in schizophrenia involving rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another. Also called loose associations. derealization - Correct AnswerThe loss of one's sense of reality of the outside world. Examples: things may seem to change size or shape; people may seem mechanical. diagnosis - Correct AnswerProcess of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) - Correct AnswerCurrent version of the official classification system for psychological and mental disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. diathesis-stress model - Correct AnswerHypothesis that both an inherited tendency (vulnerability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder. dimensional classification - Correct AnswerA system of organizing the attributes of psychological disorders as occurring on a continuum or spectrum (such as a scale of mild to severe), rather than present or absent. Can specify a cutting point and resemble a categorical system. disease (medical) model of dependence - Correct AnswerThe view that drug dependence is caused by a physiological disorder. This implies the user is a blameless victim of an illness. disorder of written expression - Correct AnswerCondition in which one's writing performance is significantly below age norms. disorganized speech - Correct AnswerStyle of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia, involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns. dissociation - Correct AnswerThe disconnection from full awareness of identity, memory, and/or consciousness of external circumstances. Occurs along a continuum from normal everyday experiences to severely dysfunctional disorders. dissociative amnesia - Correct AnswerInability to recall personal information, usually of a stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
dissociative disorders - Correct AnswerA group of disorders in which the primary symptoms are a disturbance in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, and consciousness. dissociative fugue - Correct AnswerA dissociative disorder with amnesia in which person leaves familiar surroundings; sudden, unexpected travel away from home and inability to recall one's past, sometimes with assumption of new identity. dissociative identity disorder - Correct AnswerTwo or more identities (host + subpersonalities) which regularly take control of the person's behavior. Also called multiple personality disorder. distal cause - Correct AnswerIn studying the causes of behavior, all causes other than physiological processes in the brain. Compare to proximal cause. double depression - Correct AnswerSevere mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder. Down syndrome - Correct AnswerA type of mental retardation caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. Durham Rule (1954) - Correct AnswerA legal test for insanity by which an accused person is not responsible if the criminal behavior is judged attributable to mental disease or defect. duty to protect - Correct AnswerThe principle that therapists must break confidentiality and notify the potential victim whom a client has specifically threatened. dysfunction - Correct AnswerThoughts, feelings, or behavior that is maladaptive or interferes with healthy daily functioning, positive growth, and fulfillment of potential. dyslexia - Correct AnswerLearning disability involving marked impairment in the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what they read. dyspareunia - Correct AnswerA sexual pain disorder in which severe pain accompanies sexual activity but is not traceable to any medical cause. dysthymic disorder - Correct AnswerMood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-¬esteem, withdrawal, pessimism or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months. eccentricity - Correct AnswerAn unusual pattern of behavior (idiosyncrasy, oddity) that others might find strange, but does not meet any other criteria of abnormality. Psychological disorders, by comparison, are usually based on dysfunction and distress.
factitious disorder by proxy or Munchausen syndrome when a parent produces a physical illness in a child. fear - Correct AnswerThe central nervous system's physiological and emotional response consisting of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger. female orgasmic disorder - Correct AnswerA sexual dysfunction in which a woman rarely has an orgasm or repeatedly experiences a very delayed one following a normal sexual excitement phase. female sexual arousal disorder - Correct AnswerRecurrent inability in some women to attain or maintain adequate lubrication or genital swelling during sexual activity. fetishism - Correct AnswerParaphilia involving long-term, recurring, intense sexually arousing urges, fantasies, or behavior involving the use of nonliving, unusual objects, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli. flat affect - Correct AnswerApparently emotionless demeanor (including toneless speech and vacant gaze) when a reaction would be expected. See also: inappropriate affect. Forensic psychology - Correct AnswerThe specialty of psychology concerned with connections between psychological practice and the judicial system. frotteurism - Correct AnswerParaphilia in which the person gains sexual gratification by rubbing against non-consenting victims in crowds from which they cannot escape. gender dysphoria - Correct AnswerPersistent unease and unhappiness with one's given gender. gender identity disorder - Correct AnswerPsychological dissatisfaction with one's biological gender. A disturbance in one's identity as a male or female. The primary goal is not sexual arousal but rather strong wishes to be a member of the opposite sex. generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) - Correct AnswerAnxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry about numerous events and activities, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness. genetic paradigm - Correct AnswerThe approach to human behavior that focuses on both heritability of traits and complex interactions between genes and environment. Guilty But Mentally Ill (GBMI) - Correct AnswerAn alternative to the verdict Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity which allows for both punishment and treatment.
hallucination - Correct AnswerPsychotic symptom of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen or heard or otherwise sensed although they are not real or actually present. histrionic personality disorder - Correct AnswerA personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of vain, dramatic, extravagant, attention-seeking behavior. Seductive without taking responsibility; needs immediate gratification and constant reassurance. human genome project - Correct AnswerThe recently-completed comprehensive map of all human genes. hypoactive sexual desire disorder - Correct AnswerApparent lack of interest in sex and hence a low level of sexual activity. hypochondriasis - Correct AnswerA somatoform disorder in which the person, misinterpreting rather ordinary physical sensa¬tions, is preoccupied with fears of having a serious disease. hypomania - Correct AnswerAn extremely happy or irritable mood accompanied by symptoms like increased energy and decreased need for sleep, but without the significant functional impairment associated with mania. inappropriate affect - Correct AnswerEmotional displays that do not match the situation. See flat affect. incidence - Correct AnswerThe number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population during a specific period of time (compare with prevalence). informed consent - Correct AnswerEthical requirement whereby research subjects agree to participate in a research study only after they receive full disclosure about the nature of the study and their own role in it. incoherence - Correct AnswerIn schizophrenia, an aspect of disorganized thinking wherein verbal expression is marked by disconnectedness, fragmented thoughts, and jumbled phrases. irresistible impulse - Correct AnswerA term, originated in an 1834 Ohio court ruling, concerning criminal responsibility that determined that an insanity defense can be established by proving that the accused had an uncontrollable urge to perform the act. Sometimes referred to as the "fit of passion" test. Not widely accepted. insanity - Correct AnswerLegal rather than psychological or medical concept which denotes a degree of abnormal condition which removes the individual's legal responsibility for their criminal actions. The criteria have changed over time and can vary from state to state.
mental illness - Correct AnswerTerm formerly used to mean psychological or mental disorder but less preferred because it implies that the causes of the disorder can be found in a medical disease process. mental retardation - Correct AnswerSignificantly below average intellectual functioning (IQ<70) paired with deficits in adaptive functioning such as self-care or occupational activities, appearing prior to age 18. milieu therapy - Correct AnswerHumanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the principle that patients recover best in a climate that builds self-respect, individual responsibility, and meaningful activity. M'Naghten Rule - Correct AnswerA widely used legal test for insanity based upon an 1843 British court decision that holds a defendant to be insane at the time of committing a crime if the person did not know what he or she was doing or did not know right from wrong. mixed manic episode - Correct AnswerSymptoms of both mania and depression within the same week. mood disorders - Correct AnswerA varied group of disorders that include major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders. moral therapy - Correct Answer19th-century psychosocial approach to treatment that involved treating patients with moral guidance and humane respect in normal environments. moral weakness model of chemical dependence - Correct AnswerView that substance abusers should be blamed because their behavior results from lack of self-control, character, or moral strength. multiaxial classification - Correct AnswerCategorization system used in DSM- IV-TR, in which the individual is assessed on 5 types of information in order to provide a more complete picture of the disorder and its context. multicultural perspective - Correct AnswerThe view that each culture within a larger society has a particular set of values and beliefs, as well as special external factors, that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members. narcissistic personality disorder - Correct AnswerA personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of fantasies of brilliance or beauty, belief of being entitled to special privileges. Arrogant, and expect to be admired and recognized as superior while envying others who are successful. negative symptoms - Correct AnswerBehavioral deficits or less outgoing symptoms, such as flat affect and poverty of speech, displayed by some people with schizophrenia.
neologism - Correct AnswerAn example of disorganized speech in schizophrenia referring to a word made up by the speaker, usually meaningless to a listener. neuroleptic drugs - Correct AnswerA type of antipsychotic medications, dopamine antagonists, that diminish delusions, hallucinations, and aggressive behavior in psychotic patients but that may also cause serious side effects similar to the symptoms of neurological disorders. neuropsychological testing - Correct AnswerAssessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual's cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances. obsessions - Correct AnswerPersistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses that a person experiences as disturbing and inappropriate but has difficulty suppressing and causes anxiety. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - Correct AnswerAn anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses accompanied by repetitive actions or rituals intended to suppress them. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - Correct AnswerA personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency. opponent-process theory - Correct AnswerExplanation of drug tolerance and dependence: When a person experiences positive feelings these will be followed shortly by negative feelings, and vice versa. Eventually, the motivation for drug taking shifts from a desire for the euphoric high to a need to relieve the increasingly unpleasant feelings that follow drug use. A vicious cycle develops: The drug that makes a person feel terrible is the one thing that can eliminate the pain. oppositional defiant disorder - Correct AnswerAn externalizing disorder of children marked by high levels of disobedience to authority, arguing repeatedly with adults, but lacking the extremes of conduct disorder. pain disorder - Correct AnswerA somatoform disorder in which the person complains of severe and prolonged pain that is not fully explainable by organic pathology and is thus assumed to be caused or intensified by psychological factors. panic attack - Correct AnswerAbrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort in the absence of danger accompanied by a number of physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations. paradigm - Correct AnswerA set of basic assumptions (a model) that outlines the universe of scientific inquiry specifying both the concepts regarded as legitimate and the methods to be used in collecting and interpreting data.
the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal. precipitating cause - Correct AnswerA life event or incident that triggers a disorder. See also reinforcing cause. presenting problem - Correct AnswerOriginal complaint reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may sometimes be a modification derived from the presenting problem. prevalence - Correct AnswerNumber of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time (compare with incidence). privileged communication - Correct AnswerThe communication between parties in a confidential relationship that is protected by statute, which a spouse, doctor, lawyer, pastor, psychologist, or psychiatrist thus cannot be forced to disclose, except under special circumstances. prognosis - Correct AnswerPredicted future development of a disorder over time. projective tests - Correct AnswerPersonality tests that present ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses will reveal their unconscious conflicts. proximal cause - Correct AnswerUltimately all behaviors are made possible by electrical and chemical activity in specific neurons of the brain. This is referred to as the proximal cause of behavior. Compare with distal causes. psychiatrist - Correct AnswerPerson who has earned an M.D. degree and has specialized in psychiatry during residency training. Trained to investigate primarily the biological nature and causes of psychiatric disorders, and to diagnose and treat them. psychiatric social worker - Correct AnswerA mental health professional who is qualified to conduct psychotherapy upon earning a master's degree or doctorate in social work. psychoactive substances - Correct AnswerSubstances, such as certain drugs, that alter mood or behavior. psychoanalytic (psychodynamic) paradigm - Correct AnswerComprehensive theory originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred conscious and unconscious mental forces. psychoeducation - Correct AnswerThe component of treatment that helps people learn about symptoms, expected time course, triggers for symptoms, and treatment strategies.
psychologist, clinical - Correct AnswerA mental health professional who has earned a Ph.D. degree in psychology or a Psy.D. and whose training has included an internship in a mental hospital or clinic. psychomotor retardation - Correct AnswerExtremely slow physical movements. Also, deficits in motor activity and coordination development. psychopathology - Correct AnswerScientific study of psychological and mental disorders. psychopath - Correct AnswerNon-DSM category similar to antisocial personality disorder but with less emphasis on overt behavior; indicators include superficial charm and lack of remorse. psychophysiological assessment - Correct AnswerMeasurement of changes in the nervous system reflecting psychological or emotional events such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal. psychosis - Correct AnswerGroup of severe psychological disorders, including schizophrenia, featuring delusions and hallucinations. The affected person is said to be "out of touch with reality." psychotherapy - Correct AnswerA diverse system of treatments in which words and the relationship between a client and therapist are used in order to help the client overcome psychological difficulties. psychotic depressive episode - Correct AnswerCondition in which psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations accompany depressive episodes. rapid cycling - Correct AnswerTemporal course of a bipolar disorder when transitions between mania and depression are frequent, occurring four or more times in one year. reciprocal gene-environment model - Correct AnswerHypothesis that people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder. reinforcing cause - Correct AnswerIn studying causes of abnormal behavior, a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior that is already occurring. See also precipitating cause. relapse prevention - Correct AnswerExtending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations. repression - Correct AnswerIn psychoanalytic theory, a process that forces unwanted material from the conscious to the unconscious.
separation anxiety disorder - Correct AnswerExcessive enduring anxiety in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart. sexual aversion disorder - Correct AnswerExtreme and persistent dislike of sexual contact; fear or disgust at the thought or sex or similar activities. sexual masochism - Correct AnswerParaphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with experiencing pain or humiliation. sexual sadism - Correct AnswerParaphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation. shared psychotic disorder (folie à deux) - Correct AnswerOne of the psychotic disorders in which an individual develops a delusion similar to that of a person with whom he or she shares a close relationship. social phobia - Correct AnswerAnxiety disorder marked by extreme, enduring, irrational fear (and consequent avoidance) of situations in which a person might be exposed to the evaluation of others and fear of acting in a humiliating or embarrassing way. somatization disorder - Correct AnswerSomatoform disorder in which the person continually seeks medical help for recurrent and multiple physical symptoms that have no discoverable physical cause, despite a complicated medical history that is dramatically presented. somatoform disorders - Correct AnswerA varied group of disorders in which symptoms suggest a physical problem but have no known physiological cause; believed to be linked to psychological conflicts and unmet needs but not voluntarily acknowledged. specific phobia - Correct AnswerAnxiety disorder characterized by an irrational fear (and consequent avoidance) of a specific object or situation (such as heights, small closed places, or spiders), that markedly interferes with daily life functioning. specifiers in mood disorders - Correct AnswerPatterns of characteristics that sometimes accompany major depressive or manic episodes and may help predict their course and prognosis. These include psychotic, melancholic, atypical, catatonic, chronic, and with postpartum onset. spectator role - Correct AnswerA state of mind that some people experience during sex in which they focus on their sexual performance to such an extent that their performance and their enjoyment is reduced. structured interview - Correct AnswerA method in clinical assessment consisting of an interview in which the questions are set out in a prescribed fashion for the interviewer; assists professionals in making diagnostic decisions based on standardized criteria.
substance abuse - Correct AnswerMaladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles, and use in hazardous situations. substance dependence - Correct AnswerMaladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance use characterized by the need for increased amounts to achieve the desired effect, negative physical effects when the substance is withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and substantial effort expended to seek it or recover from its effects. substance intoxication - Correct AnswerPhysiological reactions, such as impaired judgment and motor ability as well as mood changes, resulting from the ingestion of psychoactive substances. substance-related disorders - Correct AnswerRange of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave. subthreshold (subclinical) symptoms - Correct AnswerPresence of symptoms of a disorder that are clinically significant but do not meet full diagnostic criteria suicidal ideation - Correct AnswerSerious thoughts about committing suicide. supernatural model - Correct AnswerExplanation of human behavior and its dysfunction that posits important roles for spirits, demons, grace, sin, etc. syndrome - Correct AnswerA cluster of symptoms that usually occur together. systematic desensitization - Correct AnswerBehavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared stimulus paired with a positive coping experience, usually relaxation. tangentiality - Correct AnswerCharacteristic of the loose cognitive and verbal associations seen in schizophrenia in which the person fails to answer questions and moves the conversation to unrelated topics. tic disorder - Correct AnswerDisruption in early development involving involuntary motor movements or vocalizations. token economy program - Correct AnswerBehavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors. tolerance (substance) - Correct AnswerNeed for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.
