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Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 With
Correct Questions and Answers.
what is abnormal psychology? - Correct Answer a field devoted to the scientific study of abnormal behavior to describe, predict, exlpain and change abnomral patterns of functioning what can workers in the field of abnormal psychology be called? - Correct Answer clinical scientists, clinical practitioners what are the four d's - Correct Answer deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger that three essentail features do all forms of therapy share? - Correct Answer 1. a sufferer who seeks relief from a healer, 2. a trained socailled accepted healer whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his or her socail group, 3. a series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer often with the aid of a group tries to produce certain changes in the sufferers emotional state, attitudes and behavior how many adults and children display serious psychological disturbances and are in need of treatment? - Correct Answer 19% of children and 30% of adults stone age view of abnormality and treatment - Correct Answer abnormal behavior was caused by evil spirits- treated with an exersism trephination - Correct Answer cutting holes in a persons skull to release evil spirits greek and roman views - Correct Answer hippocrates belived and taught illness had natural causes, unbalence of four humors, yellow black bile, blood and phlem middle ages views - Correct Answer demonology returns, abnormal behavior increased greatly, people turned to the church the renaissance and rise of asylums - Correct Answer deonological views declined, people belived the mind was as susceptible to the sickness as the body, people took care of mental disorder in a positive atmosphere, alsyums soon became virtual prisons
the 19th century - Correct Answer treatment began to imporve, people advocated moral treatment- reveresed toward the end, money and staff shortages, long term hospitalization became popular again somatogenic perspective - Correct Answer Abnormal functioning has physical causes. psychogenic perspective - Correct Answer Chief causes of mental illness are psychological. what happened in the 1950s that helped people get out of long term hospitalization? - Correct Answer reaserchers discovered antipsychotic drugs, antidepressent drugs, and antianxiety drugs= led to the reales of people from hospitals what are the six theoretical perspectives? - Correct Answer psychoanalytic, biological, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic-existential, socio culutural what do clinical researchers do? - Correct Answer try to discover universal laws, or principles, of abnormal psychological functioning. (do not typically treat, diagnose, or asses clients) correlational method - Correct Answer Statistical methods are used to assess and describe the amount and type of relationship between two variables of interest positive correlation - Correct Answer Both x and y increase or decrease together negative correlation - Correct Answer one set of data values increase as the other set decreases correlational method- epidemiological studies - Correct Answer reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population correlational method- longitudinal studies - Correct Answer observe the same individuals on many occasions over a long period the experimental method - Correct Answer an experiement in a reserch procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulations effect on another variable is observed blind design - Correct Answer participants are kept from knowing which condition of the study (experiemental or control) they are in double blind design - Correct Answer both experimentors and participants are kept from knowing which condition of the study participants are in
electroconvusive theriry (ECT) - Correct Answer used primarily for depression when drugs and other therapies have failed weakness of biological model - Correct Answer can limit, rather then enhance our understanding, too simplistic, evidence is incomplete or inconclusive, treatments produce significant undesirable effects the psychdynamic model - Correct Answer oldest and most famous psychological model, based on belive that a persons behavior normal or abnormal is determined largley by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware- father of psychoanaylytic theory- sigmond frued ID - Correct Answer guided by the pleasure princible, instincutal needs, drives and impulses, sexual, fuelded by libido (sexual energy) EGO - Correct Answer guided by the reality princible, seeks gratification but guides us to know when we can and cannot express our wishes, ego defense mechanisms protect us from anxiety. EGO nine defense meconisms - Correct Answer repression, denial, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, intellectionalazation, regression, sublimination SUPER EGO - Correct Answer guided by the morality princible, conscience, unconsciously adopted from our parents freuds develupmental stages - Correct Answer each stage of development, new events and pressures require adjustment in teh id, ego, adn superego, if succusful personal growth, if unsuccessful fixation at an early develupmental stage, leading to psychological abnormality develupmental stages - Correct Answer oral (0-18 months), Anal (18 months to 3 years), Phallic (3-5), Latency (5-12), Genital (12-adulthood) self theorists - Correct Answer emphasize the unified personality object relations theorists - Correct Answer emphasize the human need for interpersonal relationships psychodynamic theriapies - Correct Answer seek to uncover past trauma and inner conflicts use free association, therapist interpretation (resistence, transference, dream interpretation), catharsis, working through behavioral model - Correct Answer belive that our actions are determined largely by our experiences in life, concentrates wholly on behaviors and environmental factors, bases explanations and treatments on princibles of learning
what forms of conditioning are there in the behavioral model - Correct Answer operant, modeling, classical operant conditioning - Correct Answer humans and animals learn to behave in certain ways as a result of recieiving rewards when they do so modeling - Correct Answer individuals learn responces by observing and repeating behavior classical conditioning - Correct Answer ivan pavolv, pavolvs dogs cognitive model - Correct Answer seeks to account for behavior by studying the ways in which the person attends to, interprets, and uses availible information the humanistic-existential model - Correct Answer combination model- humanistic view- emphasis on people as friendly, coorperative, and constructive: focus on drive to self- actualizition, the exsitentalist view- emphasis on self determination, chioce and individual responsibility, focus on authenticity humanistic theory and theripy - Correct Answer belives in the human need for unconditional positive regard, client centered therapy- creates a supportive climite gestalt theory and therapy - Correct Answer humanistic approach- goal is to guide clients toward self recognition through challenge and frustration existential theory and therapy - Correct Answer belive that psychological dysfunction is caused by self-deception, people hide from lifes responsiblityes and fail to reconize that it is up to them to give meaning to thier lives, people are encouraged to accept personal responsiblity for thier problems sociocultural model - Correct Answer argue that abnormal behavior is best understood in teh light of the socail and cultural forces that influence an individual integrative theorists - Correct Answer combine thoerys and therpies clinical assessment - Correct Answer assessment is collecting relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion- used to determine how and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped (idographic- individual) three catagories of clinical assessment - Correct Answer clinical interviews, tests, observations charicterisitcs of assessment tools - Correct Answer assessment tools must be standardized and have clear reliablity and validity
