Agenda - High Performance Computing - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science

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High Performance Computing

Lecture 11

2

Agenda

1. Program execution: Compilation, Object files, Function call and return, Address space, Data & its representation (4)
2. Computer organization: Memory, Registers, Instruction set architecture, Instruction processing (6)
3. Virtual memory: Address translation, Paging (4)
4. Operating system: Processes, System calls, Process management (6)
5. Pipelined processors: Structural, data and control hazards, impact on programming (4)
6. Cache memory: Organization, impact on programming (5)
7. Program profiling (2)
8. File systems: Disk management, Name management, Protection (4)
9. Parallel programming: Inter-process communication, Synchronization, Mutual exclusion, Parallel architecture, Programming with message passing using MPI (5)

4

Computer Organization: Software

 Hardware resources of computer system are

shared by programs in execution

 Operating System: Special software that

manages this sharing

5

Operating Systems (OS)

Examples

 Unix

 Linux

 Apple Mac OS

 Microsoft Windows

 Google Chrome OS

AIX, HP-UX, Solaris

Fedora, openSUSE, Ubuntu, Debian

Mac OS X Snow Leopard

Windows 7, Vista, XP

7

Computer Organization: Software

 Hardware resources of computer system are

shared by programs in execution

 Operating System: Special software that

manages this sharing

 Process: A program in execution

 Shell: A command interpreter, through which

you interact with the computer system

 Examples of Unix shells: csh, bash

 A program; just another program

8

% ps

PID TTY TIME CMD

15459 pts/10 00:00:00 bash

15491 pts/10 00:00:00 ps

10 Cache Memory I/O Bus I/O I/O MMU ALU Registers

CPU

Control

Operating System, Processes, Hardware

11

Operating System, Processes, Hardware

13

Operating System, Processes, Hardware

Hardware Processes System Calls OS Kernel

14

System Calls

 How a process gets the operating system to

do something for it

 Interface or API (Application Programming

Interface) for interaction with the operating system

16

System Calls

 How a process gets the operating system to

do something for it

 Interface or API (Application Programming

Interface) for interaction with the operating system

 Examples: Operations on processes

 fork(): to create a new process

 Terminology: parent process calls fork() which causes a child process to be created  Both parent and child processes continue to execute from that point in the program

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System Calls

 How a process gets the operating system to

do something for it

 Interface or API (Application Programming

Interface) for interaction with the operating system

 Examples: Operations on processes

 fork(): to create a new process

 exec(): to change the memory image of a process

 e,g, to change the program that a process is executing

19 text data heap stack text data text Parent Process Child Process stack

fork( ) and exec( )

20

System Calls

 How a process gets the operating system to

do something for it

 Interface or API (Application Programming

Interface) for interaction with the operating system

 Examples: Operations on processes

 fork(): to create a new process

 exec(): to change the memory image of a process

 exit(): to terminate

 wait(): to make parent sleep until child terminates