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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date 29/12/2021 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Huynh Minh Huy Student ID GCD Class GCD1001 Assessor name Dang Quang Hien Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature (^) Huy Grading grid
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Acknowledgement As we now know, computers are used in a wide range of industries, including agriculture, education, medical, technology, transportation, and so on. As a result, there is a clear need for an organization's computers to be connected in order to facilitate data exchange and retrieval, as well as efficient administration and use of computing resources. With the introduction of the Internet, which is a network of millions of computer systems interconnected to share information, the globe has become a global village. The Internet's rise has been perceived as erratic, since it provides beneficial information and platforms for all classes of people, including entrepreneurs, students, artisans, crafters, and other people and professions.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.
1. Introduction to Computer Networking. 1.1. What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a collection of computers linked together by cables, optical fibers, or optical connections so that different devices can communicate with one another. The purpose of a computer network is to allow different devices to share resources. There are many different types of networks in computer network technology, ranging from simple to complicated. There are five basic components of Computer Network: Message : It is the data or information that must be transported via a computer network from one device to another. Sender : The sender is the device that has the data and needs to send it to other networked devices. Receiver : A receiver is a device that waits for data from other network devices to arrive. Transmission media: A transmission medium, such as wires, cables, or radio waves, is required to transport data from one device to another. Protocol : A protocol is a set of rules that both the transmitter and the receiver agree on; without a protocol, two devices can be linked but not communicate. We require a set of rules called protocol to create a trustworthy connection or data sharing between two separate devices. For example, web browsers utilize the http and https protocols to obtain and publish data to the internet, whereas email services linked to the internet use the smtp protocol. Figure 1 : Components of Computer Network.
1.2. Uses of Computer Network.
Resource sharing: Resource sharing refers to the sharing of resources like as
programs, printers, and data among users on a network without regard to the resource's or user's geographical location.
Server-Client model: The server-client model makes advantage of computer
networking. A server is a computer that is used to store data and is managed by the system administrator. Clients are the machines that connect to the server remotely to access data.
Communication medium: A computer network serves as a means for users to
communicate with one another. For example, a corporation with multiple computers may have an email system that employees utilize on a daily basis.
E-commerce: In the corporate world, a computer network is essential. We'll be
able to conduct business on the internet. Amazon.com, for example, is a web-based retailer.
2. Network type. Computer networking comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. The size and function of a computer network can be classified. The geographical area and number of computers that are part of a network should be used to determine its size. It ranges from single-room devices to millions of units dispersed throughout the globe. The most common types of computer networks are as follows: Some of the most popular computer network types are: PAN (Personal Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) There are numerous additional kinds of computer networks, such as: Figure 2 : Network Type.
Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless Personal Area Network is developed by simply using wireless technologies such as Wi-fi, Bluetooth. It is a low range network. Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area Network is created by using the USB. a. Characteristics of PAN: It is largely personal gadgets that are networked in a small region. Allows you to manage the connectivity of IT devices in a single user's environment. Mobile phones, tablets, and laptops are all included in PAN. WPAN allows it to connect to the internet wirelessly. Cordless mice, keyboards, and Bluetooth systems are examples of PAN appliances. b. Advantages of PAN: PAN networks are considered to be relatively safe and secure. Only a short-range solution of up to 10 meters is available. Restricted to a very tiny region. c. Disadvantages of PAN: It's possible that it'll make a shaky connection to other networks using the same radio channels. There are certain distance restrictions. d. Examples of PAN: Body Area Network: A network that travels with a person is known as a body area network. For example, a mobile network moves with a person. Assume a person makes a network connection and then establishes a connection with another device in order to transfer data. Offline Network: An offline network, often known as a home network, can be constructed within the home. The purpose of a
home network is to link devices such as printers, computers, and televisions that are not connected to the internet. Small Home Office: It's used to connect a range of devices to the internet and a business network via a virtual private network (VPN). 2.2. LAN (Local Area Network): LAN (Local Area Network) is a collection of computer and peripheral equipment connected in a small space, such as a classroom, laboratory, residence, or business building. It's a popular network for sharing resources such as files, printers, games, and other software. Connecting PCs and a printer in someone's home or workplace is the most basic sort of LAN network. LAN will be utilized as one form of communication medium in general. It's a network with fewer than 5000 linked devices spread across many buildings. a. Characteristics of LAN: Because it's a private network, it's never under the control of an outside regulatory body. When compared to other WAN systems, LAN operates at a much faster rate. Token ring and ethernet are two examples of different media access control methods. Figure 5 : LAN (Local Area Network).
2.3. WAN (Wide Area Network): WAN (Wide Area Network) is another significant computer network that spans a huge geographic region. A WAN network system might be a LAN link that uses telephone lines and radio waves to connect to other LANs. It is usually restricted to a single company or group. a. Characteristics of WAN: The software files will be shared among all users, ensuring that everyone has access to the most recent versions. WAN may be used by any firm to create a global integrated network. b. Advantages of WAN: The Wide Region Network (WAN) allows you to cover a broader geographical area. As a result, corporate offices located at a greater distance can connect effortlessly. Mobile phones, laptops, tablets, desktops, game consoles, and other electronic gadgets are included. The radio transmitters and receivers embedded into client devices are used to establish WLAN connections. Figure 6 : WAN (Wide Area Network).
c. Disadvantages of WAN: The initial investment setup cost is really significant. The WAN network is tough to maintain. You'll need technicians and network administrators that are well-versed in their fields. Because of the vast reach and usage of many technologies, there are more faults and difficulties. Because many wired and wireless technologies are involved, it takes longer to fix difficulties. When compared to other forms of computer networks, it provides less protection. d. Examples of WAN: Mobile Broadband: In an area or nation, a 4G network is commonly utilized. Last mile: A telecom provider connects customers' homes with fiber to deliver internet services to clients in hundreds of cities. Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects the 44 offices. The telecom company's telephone leased line is used to create this network. 2.4. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a computer network that spans a complete city, a college campus, or a small area. This network is much larger than a LAN, which is usually restricted to a single building or location. This sort of network may span a range of distances from a few miles to tens of miles, depending on the arrangement. Figure 7 : MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
3. Network Standards. 3.1. What is Network Protocol? A network protocol is a collection of rules that govern how data is exchanged between devices connected to the same network. In essence, it enables linked devices to interact with one another despite of variations in internal operations, structure, or design. Some types of popular protocol: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is a well-known communication protocol for sending and receiving data across a network. It separates any communication into a series of packets that are transferred from the source to the destination, where they are reassembled. IP (Internet Protocol): IP was created with the intention of being used as an addressing protocol. It's most commonly associated with TCP. Packets with IP addresses are routed through multiple nodes in a network until they reach their target system. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol for networking. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a loss-tolerant and low-latency communication protocol that works as a replacement for the Transmission Control Protocol. Figure 8 :Network Protocol.
Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is a protocol for accepting incoming electronic mail. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is a protocol for sending and distributing outgoing email. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another. Types of files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, etc. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is a protocol for exchanging hypertext between two or more systems. Links are created using HTML tags. These links can take any form, including text and graphics. HTTP is based on client-server concepts, allowing a client system to connect to a server computer in order to send a request. The server recognizes the client's request and responds as appropriate. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) is an acronym for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Secure is a standard protocol for securing communication between two computers, one of which is using a browser and the other is retrieving information from a web server. HTTP is a hypertext transfer protocol that transfers data between a client browser (request) and a web server (answer) in a hypertext format. HTTPS is similar to HTTP, except that the data is transferred in an encrypted manner. As a result, https prevents hackers from interpreting or altering data while packets are being sent. Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules for establishing a connection between two systems. Remote login is the name given to the process of connecting. The local computer makes the connection request, while the remote computer accepts it. Gopher: Gopher is a set of rules that may be used to search, retrieve, and display content from remote locations. The client/server model is also used by Gopher.
