Pathophysiology Part 2; WGU D236
RAAS system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. increases vasoconstriction
2. increases blood volume
3. increases blood pressure
4. increases Na+
isotonic
Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
Hypotonic
Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Hypertonic
Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
Hyponatremia
deficient sodium in the blood
- causes seizures, coma, neuro damage, brain swelling
- slow fluid replacement
hypernatremia
high sodium in the blood
- tachycardia, irritability, flushed skin
- diuresis or slow fluid replacement
hypokalemia
deficient potassium in the blood
- cardiac arrhythmias, anorexia, absent reflexes
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
- mental confusion, apathy, numb extremities
hypocalcemia
deficient calcium in the blood
- Chvostek's sign
- Trousseau's sign
- seizures
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
- muscle flaccidity, bone tenderness, constipation
Hypophosphatemia
A serum phosphorus level less than 2.7 mg/dL.
- tremors
- osteomalacia
- hyporeflexia
