programación industrial, Apuntes de Ingeniería electrónica

¡Descarga programación industrial y más Apuntes en PDF de Ingeniería electrónica solo en Docsity!

Lesso

n 1

Basic concepts:

Hardware and

Softwa

re

Programmi

ng

Grade in Industrial Electronics and Automation 2014 - 2015

Compute

rs

3

Computer : Machine composed of ------------------------, able

to --------

---------------- from ---------------------, to ------------ them

automatically

with a previously stored ------------------, and to provide the

resulting

information through -----------------------------.

---

Compute

rs

4

**Physical elements

---

-----**

**Logical elements

---

----**

Physical elements Hardwa re

Logical elements Softwa re

Information?

• When data is processed,

organized in a given

context so as to make it

useful.

Data?

• Data is raw facts that need

to be processed.

• Computers process digital

data ( 0 or 1)

Image viewer (^) Notepad

Compute

rs

• Computers classification:

Supercompu ter

Is used for running complex mathematical models (Spaceflight, weather, Health, etc.)

Mainframes

Is used to handle very high volume input and output data (business management, databases, etc.)

Compute

rs

• Computers classification:

Workstati ons

Personal computer

Mobile computers

Is used for technical or scientific applications, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.

Is used for desktop applications.

Is used by only one person at a time.

8

THE CPU: Central Process

Unit

Hard disk Power supply (Transformer from 220V to 5 or 12V)

Main memory (RAM) Processor CPU

fan

Expansion slots and adapter cards

Motherboard

10

Memor

y

• Memory is the part of the computer that stores and handles data and programs
• Bits are commonly represented as either 0 or 1.

Main memory (RAM) Binary Digit(bit) ElectronicCharge ElectronicState

11

Types of

Memory

1313

1. Main memory (or primary memory) is fast and expensive o data is stored in electric circuits, used to store active data. o memory is volatile – data is lost when the computer is turned off_._

for storing permanent instructions used by a PC

to hold both program code (instructions) and data of users.

2. Secondary memory is slower but cheaper o use different technologies (magnetic signals on hard disk, reflective spots on CD) o memory is permanent – useful for storing long-term data.

Softwar

e

A software program is a sequence of instructions for the computer (more specifically, for the CPU) to carry out in order to complete some task.

Application Software

Opera Softwareting system

Hardware

Operating

Systems

The O perating System (OS) is a collection of programs

that controls and coordinates how the CPU, memory, and

I/O devices work together:

• controls how data and instructions are loaded and

executed by the CPU

• organizes and manages files and directories
• coordinates the CPU, memory, and I/O devices
• utilize a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to make

interacting with the

• and much more…