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C:\Dokumente und Einstellungen\M. Klenovec\Eigene Dateien\Barrierefreies Bauen\ISO TC 59 SC 16\Vienna 2007-07-04_05\nach Wien Juli 2007\2nd draft ISO TC 21542_2007-11-07_KL.doc
ISO/TC 59/SC 16 N N 79
Date: 2007-11-
DRAFT PROPOSAL 2nd^ ISO/CD 21542
ISO/TC 59/SC 16/WG 1
Secretariat: AENOR
Building construction — Accessibility and usability of the built
environment
Construction – Accessibilité et facilité d'utilisation de l'environnement bâtiment
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Document type: International standard Document subtype: if applicable Document stage: Committee Stage Document language: E
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- Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................
- Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................
- 1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................
- 2 Normative references..........................................................................................................................
- 3 Terms and definitions .........................................................................................................................
- 4 General design considerations..........................................................................................................
- 4.1 Design requirements according to human abilities.........................................................................
- 4.2 Main planning and accessibility issues ............................................................................................
- 5 Approach to the building ....................................................................................................................
- 5.1 Arrival by motor vehicle......................................................................................................................
- 5.2 Setting-down at the principal entrance .............................................................................................
- 6 Designated parking space ..................................................................................................................
- 6.1 Kerb ramp from parking space to an adjacent higher pedestrian path.........................................
- 6.2 A multi-storey car park .......................................................................................................................
- 6.3 Entrance to a car park.........................................................................................................................
- 6.4 Parking control ....................................................................................................................................
- 7 Paths to the building ...........................................................................................................................
- 7.1 Way finding, guided path and other physical support of information...........................................
- 7.2 Path .......................................................................................................................................................
- 7.3 Width of the path .................................................................................................................................
- 7.4 Headroom of the path .........................................................................................................................
- 7.5 Passing space......................................................................................................................................
- 7.5.1 Passing space for wheelchairs ..........................................................................................................
- 7.6 Turning space for wheelchair on landings .......................................................................................
- 7.7 Path construction ................................................................................................................................
- 7.8 Stepped path and stair........................................................................................................................
- 7.9 Width of stepped path and stair.........................................................................................................
- 7.10 Landing of stepped path and stair.....................................................................................................
- 7.11 Landings of sloped paths ...................................................................................................................
- 7.12 Support and guidance by handrail on sloped and stepped paths .................................................
- 7.13 Drainage of path and stepped path or landing.................................................................................
- 7.14 Solitary obstacles in a path................................................................................................................
- 7.15 Guarding against falling within a path ..............................................................................................
- 8 Ramps...................................................................................................................................................
- 8.1 Slope and length..................................................................................................................................
- 8.2 Width of ramps ....................................................................................................................................
- 8.3 Landings of ramps ..............................................................................................................................
- 8.4 Support and guidance by handrail on ramps ...................................................................................
- 8.5 Drainage of sloped path and ramp ....................................................................................................
- 8.6 Surface materials.................................................................................................................................
- 8.7 Guarding against falling within a ramp .............................................................................................
- 9 Guarding against falling within path and ramp................................................................................
- 10 Entrance to the building .....................................................................................................................
- 10.1 Identification ........................................................................................................................................
- 10.2 Floor level at the entrance ..................................................................................................................
- 10.3 The principal entrance doorway ........................................................................................................
- 10.4 Passage width......................................................................................................................................
- 10.5 Passage height of a doorway .............................................................................................................
- 10.6 Circulation space .................................................................................................................................
- 10.7 Lobbies .................................................................................................................................................
- 10.7.1 Unobstructed manoeuvring space.....................................................................................................
- 10.8 Visual awareness of an entrance door ..............................................................................................
- 11 Horizontal circulation ..........................................................................................................................
- 11.1 Internal passages.................................................................................................................................
- 11.2 Turning space for 90 degree turn of a wheelchair in corridors ......................................................
- 11.3 Circulation space for 180° wheelchair turn.......................................................................................
- 12 Vertical circulation...............................................................................................................................
- 12.1 Ramps in buildings..............................................................................................................................
- 13 Stairs .....................................................................................................................................................
- 13.1 Rise and going of steps ......................................................................................................................
- 13.2 Width of stepped path and stair .........................................................................................................
- 13.3 Landing of stepped path and stair .....................................................................................................
- 13.4 Head clearance.....................................................................................................................................
- 13.5 Visual and tactile warnings.................................................................................................................
- 13.6 Illuminance ...........................................................................................................................................
- 13.7 Handrails...............................................................................................................................................
- 13.8 Guarding against falling on stairs......................................................................................................
- 14 Handrails...............................................................................................................................................
- 14.1 Provision of handrails .........................................................................................................................
- 14.2 Profile of a handrail .............................................................................................................................
- 14.3 Continuity of a handrail.......................................................................................................................
- 14.4 Height of a handrail .............................................................................................................................
- 14.5 Horizontal extension of a handrail .....................................................................................................
- 14.6 Visual and tactile information.............................................................................................................
- 14.7 Mechanical resistance.........................................................................................................................
- 15 Lifts (Elevators)....................................................................................................................................
- 15.1 General comments ..............................................................................................................................
- 15.2 Car dimensions ....................................................................................................................................
- 15.2.1 Lift Class I – Series A with 800 mm entrance ...................................................................................
- 15.2.2 Lift Class I – Series B with 900 mm entrance ...................................................................................
- 15.2.3 Lift Class I – Series C with 1 100 mm entrance ................................................................................
- 15.2.4 Lift Class IV – Health-care Lifts ..........................................................................................................
- 15.3 Entrances – Door opening ..................................................................................................................
- 15.4 Equipment in the car ...........................................................................................................................
- 15.4.1 Handrail.................................................................................................................................................
- 15.4.2 Seat .......................................................................................................................................................
- 15.4.3 Mirror or mirrored wall within the car ................................................................................................
- 15.4.4 Floor and wall surfaces of the car......................................................................................................
- 15.4.5 Allergic materials .................................................................................................................................
- 15.4.6 Lighting.................................................................................................................................................
- 15.4.7 Emergency warnings...........................................................................................................................
- 15.4.8 Stopping/Levelling accuracy ..............................................................................................................
- 15.5 Control devices and signals ...............................................................................................................
- 15.5.1 Landing control devices .....................................................................................................................
- 15.5.2 Car control devices..............................................................................................................................
- 16 Vertical platform and stair lifts ...........................................................................................................
- 16.1 General..................................................................................................................................................
- 16.2 Height for platform lifts .......................................................................................................................
- 16.3 Vertical platform construction............................................................................................................
- 17 Moving walkways.................................................................................................................................
- 18 Doors and windows.............................................................................................................................
- 18.1 Doors and door furniture ....................................................................................................................
- 18.1.1 Clear opening of doorways ................................................................................................................
- 18.1.2 Position of a door ................................................................................................................................
- 18.1.3 Operating force....................................................................................................................................
- 18.1.4 Glazed doors and glazed areas..........................................................................................................
- 18.1.5 Viewing panels in doors .....................................................................................................................
- 18.1.6 Visual contrast of doors and door furniture to the wall ..................................................................
- 18.1.7 Automatic opening doors ...................................................................................................................
- 18.1.8 Powered swing door ...........................................................................................................................
- 18.1.9 Revolving door ....................................................................................................................................
- 18.1.10 Automatic sliding or folding door......................................................................................................
- 18.1.11 Door furniture ......................................................................................................................................
- 18.1.12 Glazed walls and screens ...................................................................................................................
- 18.2 Windows and window furniture .........................................................................................................
- 18.2.1 Restriction opening.............................................................................................................................
- 18.2.2 Manoeuvrability of hardware and shutters .......................................................................................
- 18.2.3 Height of the window ..........................................................................................................................
- 18.2.4 Visual indication of glazed areas.......................................................................................................
- 19 Receptions, counters, desks and ticket offices ...............................................................................
- 19.1 Hearing and lip-reading ......................................................................................................................
- 19.2 Location................................................................................................................................................
- 19.3 Space to manoeuvre ...........................................................................................................................
- 19.4 Height....................................................................................................................................................
- 19.5 Lighting ................................................................................................................................................
- 19.6 Waiting area .........................................................................................................................................
- 20 Cloak-room...........................................................................................................................................
- 21 Auditoriums, concert halls, sports arenas and similar seating .....................................................
- 21.1 Hearing augmentation systems .........................................................................................................
- 21.2 Lighting for interpreters sign language ............................................................................................
- 21.3 Designated seating for wheelchair user ...........................................................................................
- 21.4 Access to stage and backstage .........................................................................................................
- 21.5 Row and seat numbers .......................................................................................................................
- 21.6 Accessible Changing rooms ..............................................................................................................
- 22 Conference rooms, meeting rooms...................................................................................................
- 23 Viewing spaces in assembly areas....................................................................................................
- 23.1 Floor area .............................................................................................................................................
- 23.2 Sight lines ............................................................................................................................................
- 24 Bars, pubs, restaurants etc. ...............................................................................................................
- 25 Terraces, verandas and balconies.....................................................................................................
- 26 Accessible toilets and sanitary rooms..............................................................................................
- 26.1 Accessible Toilets ...............................................................................................................................
- 26.2 Dimensions for accessible toilets .....................................................................................................
- 26.3 Toilet Doors..........................................................................................................................................
- 26.4 Sanitary fittings ...................................................................................................................................
- 26.5 Toilet seat.............................................................................................................................................
- 26.6 Grab rails ..............................................................................................................................................
- 26.7 Toilet paper ..........................................................................................................................................
- 26.8 Washbasin............................................................................................................................................
- 26.9 Water supply ........................................................................................................................................
- 26.10 Taps ......................................................................................................................................................
- 26.11 Urinals ..................................................................................................................................................
- 26.12 Other fittings ........................................................................................................................................
- 26.13 Alarm.....................................................................................................................................................
- 26.14 Shower..................................................................................................................................................
- 26.15 Individual Shower room......................................................................................................................
- 26.16 Bathrooms............................................................................................................................................
- 27 Accessible bedroom in non-domestic buildings (hotels etc.) ........................................................
- 28 Kitchen areas .......................................................................................................................................
- 29 Storage areas .......................................................................................................................................
- 30 Facilities for guide dogs and other assistance dogs.......................................................................
- 30.1 Relief facilities for guide dogs and assistance dogs .......................................................................
- 31 Floor and wall surfaces .......................................................................................................................
- 32 Noise and acoustics ............................................................................................................................
- 32.1 Acoustic requirements ........................................................................................................................
- 32.2 Assistive devices and assistive listening systems..........................................................................
- 33 Lighting.................................................................................................................................................
- 33.1 External lighting...................................................................................................................................
- 33.2 Natural lighting.....................................................................................................................................
- 33.3 Artificial lighting...................................................................................................................................
- 33.4 Lighting to facilitate way finding........................................................................................................
- 33.5 Controllable and adjustable lighting..................................................................................................
- 33.6 Light levels in different areas .............................................................................................................
- 33.7 Lighting in auditoriums .......................................................................................................................
- 33.8 Avoiding glare and shadows ..............................................................................................................
- 34 Visual contrast .....................................................................................................................................
- 34.1 Choice of colours and patterns..........................................................................................................
- 35 Equipment, controls and switches ....................................................................................................
- 35.1 Accessible location and height for devices, controls etc. ..............................................................
- 35.2 Heights and distances.........................................................................................................................
- 35.3 Distance from adjacent walls, internal corner, swing arc of an opening door .............................
- 35.4 Easy to operate ....................................................................................................................................
- 35.5 Easy to identify ....................................................................................................................................
- 35.6 Easy to understand..............................................................................................................................
- 35.7 Telephones ...........................................................................................................................................
- 35.8 Card access, vending, ticket and automatic teller machines etc. ..................................................
- 35.9 Security access systems ....................................................................................................................
- 35.10 Drinking fountains ...............................................................................................................................
- 35.11 Refuse bins...........................................................................................................................................
- 36 Furnishing ............................................................................................................................................
- 36.1 Seating in waiting areas ......................................................................................................................
- 36.2 Seating at desks, tables etc................................................................................................................
- 37 Emergency systems, rescue and escape..........................................................................................
- 37.1 Assistive emergency alarm systems .................................................................................................
- 37.2 Assisted escape...................................................................................................................................
- 38 Orientation and information ...............................................................................................................
- 38.1 Principle of two senses .......................................................................................................................
- 38.2 Audible information .............................................................................................................................
- 38.3 Levels of information ..........................................................................................................................
- 39 Signage .................................................................................................................................................
- 39.1 Main types of signs..............................................................................................................................
- 39.2 Location of signs .................................................................................................................................
- 39.3 Placement in the building ...................................................................................................................
- 39.4 Height of signs .....................................................................................................................................
- 39.5 Design and size of lettering ................................................................................................................
- 39.6 Differences in light reflectance values LRV ......................................................................................
- 39.7 Glare free ..............................................................................................................................................
- 39.8 Illumination...........................................................................................................................................
- 39.9 Understandable....................................................................................................................................
- 39.10 Raised Tactile and Braille ...................................................................................................................
- 39.11 Provision of raised tactile and Braille signs.....................................................................................
- 39.12 Tactile letters .......................................................................................................................................
- 39.13 Braille....................................................................................................................................................
- 39.14 Tactile Symbols ...................................................................................................................................
- 39.15 Tactile Maps and Floor Plans.............................................................................................................
- 39.16 Information Displays ...........................................................................................................................
- 40 Symbols................................................................................................................................................
- Annex A (informative) Management of assisted escape from buildings..................................................
- A.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................
- A.2 Procedures to facilitate assisted egress from a building .............................................................
- A.3 Techniques for assisting people up and down a stair ..................................................................
- A.4 Management of evacuation lifts.......................................................................................................
- A.5 The evacuation strategy and incident plan.....................................................................................
- A.6 Illustration of emergency plan strategies .......................................................................................
- A.7 Circulation spaces at doorways ......................................................................................................
- Annex B (informative) Human abilities and associated design considerations......................................
- B.1 General Introduction .........................................................................................................................
- B.2 Physical abilities................................................................................................................................
- B.2.1 Walking ...............................................................................................................................................
- B.2.2 Balance ...............................................................................................................................................
- B.2.3 Handling .............................................................................................................................................
- B.2.4 Strength and endurance ...................................................................................................................
- B.2.5 Lifting..................................................................................................................................................
- B.2.6 Reaching ............................................................................................................................................
- B.2.7 Speech ................................................................................................................................................
- B.3 Sensory abilities ................................................................................................................................
- B.3.1 Sight....................................................................................................................................................
- B.3.2 Hearing ...............................................................................................................................................
- B.3.3 Touch..................................................................................................................................................
- B.4 Mental abilities...................................................................................................................................
- B.4.1 Cognition............................................................................................................................................
- B.4.2 Intellect ...............................................................................................................................................
- B.4.3 Interpretation .....................................................................................................................................
- B.4.5 Learning .............................................................................................................................................
- B.4.6 Memory...............................................................................................................................................
- B.4.7 Design considerations that take account of mental abilities........................................................
- B.5 Additional factors ..............................................................................................................................
- B.5.1 Accommodating the developing child ............................................................................................
- B.6 Accommodating ageing adults ........................................................................................................
- B.7 Diversity of stature ............................................................................................................................
- B.8 General design considerations for wheelchair users....................................................................
- B.8.1 Application and manoeuvring space...............................................................................................
- B.8.2 Space allowance for wheelchair users............................................................................................
- B.8.3 Reach range .......................................................................................................................................
- B.8.3 Reach of users seated in wheelchairs – distance from corner and other barriers ....................
- B.8.4 Space around elements to provide reachability ............................................................................
- B.8.5 Space to provide clearance for wheelchair user’s knees .............................................................
- B.8.6 Convenient height of worktops........................................................................................................
- B.8.7 Eye-level .............................................................................................................................................
- B.9 Visual contrast...................................................................................................................................
- B.9.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................
- B.9.2 Determination of differences in luminance ....................................................................................
- B.9.3 Relevant design factors ....................................................................................................................
- B.10 Air quality ...........................................................................................................................................
- Bibliography....................................................................................................................................................
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO Technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies voting.
ISO 21542 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 059, Building construction , Subcommittee SC16, Accessibility and usability of the built environment
This edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR 9527:1994, which has been technically revised and further developed.
Introduction
ISO 21542 is a standard dealing with accessibility for all in the built environment. The underlying premise of this standard is that the built environment should be designed, constructed and managed to enable each user to approach, enter, use and exit from a building, even if their abilities vary.
The purpose of this standard is to define a built environment in which people can have independent and safe access and egress, and in which they can function and use the built environment with maximum independence in an equitable and dignified manner. These principles are supported by Articles 9 and 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (6 December 2006).
People can experience difficulties when entering, using or exiting a building or finding a particular location within the building. The built environment can present obstacles and barriers, both permanent and temporary, for all people, especially as their abilities vary.
This standard sets out the objectives, design considerations, recommendations and requirements that ISO believes will, when fully implemented, result in accessible and usable buildings.
This International Standard is a guidance document, providing users, architects, designers, engineers, builders, building owners, managers, policy makers and legislators with requirements and recommendations to create a built environment that is accessible to all.
For certain national standards bodies it might be necessary to allow for exceptions to this standard in certain circumstances. Such exceptions may result in greater or lesser requirements in accordance with and as defined by national regulations or legislation. Such exceptions shall be described in the National Foreword and in a national annex where so allowed in this standard.
This standard reflects the consensus approach reached by an international body of experts, representing a broad spectrum of interested parties.
1 Scope
This standard includes a range of requirements for many of the elements, components and fittings that comprise the built environment. These requirements relate to the constructional aspects of access to buildings, to circulation within buildings and to egress from buildings: the latter in the normal course of events and in the event of an emergency. An informative annex is also included that deals with some aspects of the management of buildings.
The intention of this standard is to meet the needs of the greatest feasible number of people and to accommodate the diversities of age and of human condition.
The standard contains provisions with respect to features in the external environment directly concerned with access to a building or group of buildings from the edge of the relevant site boundary or between such groups of buildings within a common site. However, the standard does not deal with those elements of the external environment, such as public open spaces, whose function is self-contained and unrelated to the use of any one specific building, nor does the standard deal with single family dwellings, other than those circulation spaces and fittings that are common to two or more such dwellings. Consideration is, at present, being given to the development and publication of additional parts to this standard to deal with the types of external environment described above and with single family dwellings.
The standard also contains, in the normative Annex A, information with respect to egress management procedures that are inappropriate for the normative sections.
For existing buildings there are options included in some paragraphs which appear as “exceptional considerations for existing buildings in developing countries” (see “Guidance on the Implications of the ISO Global Relevance Policy for CEN Standardization”, 2005) and as “exceptional considerations for existing buildings” where a lower order of provisions than expected in new constructions are accepted due to technical and economical circumstances only.
NOTE This standard is primarily written for adults with disabilities but it includes some specifications regarding the specific accessibility requirements that would suit children with disabilities. However, it is envisaged that future revisions of the standard will include more detailed requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4109-1, Lift (US: Elevator) installation, Part 1: Class I, II, III and IV lifts
ISO 4109-5, Lift (Elevator) installation, Part 5: Control devices, signals and additional fittings
ISO 7000, Graphic symbols to be employed in indices and synoptic tables
ISO 7001, Public information symbols
ISO/DIS 7176-5, Wheelchairs - Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space
ISO 9386-1, Power-operated lifting platforms for persons with impaired mobility - Rules for safety, dimensions and functional operation — Part 1: Vertical lifting platforms
ISO 9386-2, Power-operated lifting platforms for persons with impaired mobility - Rules for safety, dimensions and functional operation — Part 2: Powered stairlifts for seated, standing and wheelchair users moving in an inclined plane
ISO/DIS 12055, Building construction – Guardrail systems and rails for buildings
ISO/CD 23599, Assistive products for persons with vision impairment – Tactile walking surface indicators
ISO/IEC Guide 71, Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities
IEC 60 118-4, Methods of measurement of electro-acoustical characteristics of hearing aids - Magnetic field strength in audio-frequency induction loops for hearing aid purposes
ISO/TR 13570-2, Wheelchairs – Typical values and recommended limits for dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space as determined in ISO 7176-
ISO/PDTR 22411, Ergonomic data and ergonomic guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities
3 Terms and definitions
This standard contains terms that were either not considered for inclusion in ISO 6707-1: 2004, Building and civil engineering – Vocabulary-Part 1: general terms, or have assumed a broader meaning since the latter standard was finalised. Relevant sub-committees are working together in order to rationalise the respective vocabularies which may reduce the need for such a large list in this [draft] standard. Users of this [draft] standard are asked to bear that possibility in mind in using this [draft] standard.
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 71 and the following apply:
ability an identifiable human attribute, including but not exclusively, to walk, to speak, to hear, to see, to feel by touch, to taste, to understand, to cognate, to recognise
access means of approach to, or means of entry into, or means of circulation within or exit from the built environment
NOTE ‘to access’ deprecated. (See ISO 6707-1, which defines “means of access”).
accessibility a characteristic of the built environment whose quality is dependent on the usability of the means of access to it, into it, within it or exit from it and which can be determined by measurement or other agreed means
assisted egress [protocol by which] a formal strategy [that] exists [during which][for] a designated person or designated persons [to] provide[s] assistance, during an emergency, to another person or other persons to leave a [building][specific part of the built environment ] and to reach a final place of safety
assistive technology, assistive device piece of equipment, product system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities (ISO/PDTR 22411:2006)
NOTE This can be acquired commercially off-the-shelf, modified or customized. The term includes technical aids for persons with disabilities. Assistive devices do not eliminate impairment but may lessen the difficulty an individual has in carrying out a task or activity in specific environments.
final exit the boundary of the means of escape within a building and which provides egress to a final place of safety
going horizontal distance between two consecutive nosings , or between the start and finish of a flight of a ramp , in each instance, measured on the walking line. (cf. ISO 6707)
guiding pattern TWSIs to indicate a direction of travel
habitable room room including a kitchen, a bathroom and a utility room intended for dwelling purposes
handrail component of a stair or of a ramp that provides guidance, balance and support (modified cf. ISO 6707, 5.2.73)
hazard [characteristic of] an element of the built environment , or of the element itself, whose design or location is such that may [provide a risk of][cause] harm to a person who uses it, or who is in proximity to it or who passes near to it [, provided that suitable warning or warnings of] [its characteristic or] its presence had not been provided]
impaired lower than generally [anticipated][expected optimum] performance in a human ability which may be temporary or permanent and whose cause may be congenital, or through illness, or injury, [or social deprivation,] or the natural process of ageing
NOTE 1 ‘disabled’ and ‘disability’ deprecated, as absolute and negative terms.
NOTE 2 ‘older people’ and ‘older persons’ deprecated as indefinable and incorrect use of English.
impairment problem in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss which can be temporary due, for example, to injury, or permanent, slight or severe and can fluctuate over time, in particular, deterioration due to ageing (ISO/PDTR 22411:2006)
NOTE 1 Body function can be a physiological or psychological function of a body system; body structure refers to an anatomic part of the body such as organs, limbs and their components (as defined in ICIDH-2 of July 1999).
NOTE 2 This definition differs from that in ISO 9999:2002 and, slightly, from ICIDH-2/ICF: May 2001, WHO.
intended user a person who would normally expect to use the relevant element, component, or facility or product, including, in specific circumstances, a person whose individual needs can only be met by the design and installation of particular items of assistive technology.
landing platform or part of a floor structure at each end of a flight of stairs or of a ramp or an area providing access to a lift car at each level of use (modified cf. ISO 6707, 5.5.21)
levelling accuracy maximum vertical distance between car sill and landing sill during loading or unloading of the lift
lifting platform device permanently installed to serve fixed landing levels, comprising a guided platform whose dimensions and means of construction permit the access of disabled passenger(s), with or without wheelchair(s) (cf. ISO 9386-1)
light reflectance value LRV the proportion of visible light reflected by a surface at all wavelength and directions when illuminated by a light source
LRV is also known as the luminance reflectance factor
NOTE 1 The LRV is expressed on a scale of 0 – 100, with a value of 0 for pure black and a value of 100 for pure white.
luminance the amount of light emitted from a [surface][source] in [a][any] given direction. (see ISO 6707-1 for variation)
manoeuvring zone the minimum [planned] profile within which it is considered feasible to complete a manoeuvre needed to gain access to a specific facility, component or fitting: in particular while using a wheelchair or a walking aid or walking aids
means of escape built provision intended to facilitate safe egress from a location within the built environment to a final place of safety
moving walkway a moving accessible path of travel with an inclination up to 6 degree
nosing projecting front edge of a tread or landing that may be rounded, chamfered or otherwise shaped (modified cf. ISO 6707, 5.5.26)
pitch line notional line that touches the nosings of a flight on the walking line
platform construction that provides a horizontal surface above the level of an adjoining surface
practicable generally acceptable , having regard to the physical limitations imposed by the environment within which the provision is set
usability a characteristic of the built environment whose degrees of convenience and risk in use can be determined by measurement or other agreed means
usable a characteristic of the built environment that means that its use by the intended user is possible with degrees of convenience and risk that, considered together, are generally acceptable
user person who interacts with the product, service or environment (ISO/PDTR 22411:2006)
visual contrast the perception of a difference visually between one element of a building and another by reference to their light reflectance values LRV as the most relevant factor
wayfinding descriptive of any system whereby information of an appropriate kind is provided to assist a person to pass through the built environment towards [an intended][a specific] destination
wheelchair [footprint][profile][zone] (cf. manoeuvring zone) the plan profile of a wheelchair in use (see figure B.1)
4 General design considerations
The following general design considerations need to be taken into account when designing, constructing and managing the built environment (see also Annex B for more information).
4.1 Design requirements according to human abilities
The requirements in this standard relate to the principal human abilities that need to be considered when designing, constructing and managing the built environment. These abilities are described in Annex B which gives an overview of design considerations that should be taken into account for each of the different abilities.
When fully implemented the standard will be of benefit to all people, including
people with hearing impairments,
people with visual impairments,
people with mobility impairments,
people with cognitive impairments,
elderly people,
children.
4.2 Main planning and accessibility issues
Entering, using and egressing built environments together should be easy for individuals, families and groups that include persons with disabilities. Main topics are:
designated parking near main entrance,
short distances,
level entrance and exits to exterior facilities,
simple and logical layouts,
level circulation with no steps or obstacles on storeys,
easy access to information desks, lifts and WC compartments for disabled persons,
safe egress and emergency exits,
spacious lifts,
safe stairs that are easy to use,
slip resistant walking surfaces,
wide door openings and easy door operation,
adequate height, location and easy operation of controls and switches,
good lighting,
good visual contrast of walls, floors, doors and signage,
good signage,
important information communicated via two senses or more (tactile, audible and visual),
good acoustics,
hearing augmentation systems.
See Table 1 for examples of how these issues may combine when planning a built environment.
- equal following of the same paths in vertical circulation, e.g. safe stairs, spacious lifts with easy operation, good signage, lighting and visual contrast.
Links to main chapters with details: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 33, 34 and 39.
- equal use of the same rooms, e.g. ample circulation space and different seating possibilities, good acoustics and hearing augmentation systems, good lighting and visual contrast.
Links to main chapters with details: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33 and 34.
- equal use of the same equipment and facilities, e.g. easy to understand and operate, adequate manouvering space and operating height, information via two senses.
Links to main chapters with details: 11, 19 and 35.
- equal use of the same toilet groups and sanitary facilities, e.g. good signage, adequate manouvering space, equipment within reach, easy operation.
Links to main chapters with details: 26, 39 and 40
- equal exit and egress routes, concepts for emergency planning, e.g. no steps or obstacles, fire proof lifts, good signage, lighting and contrast.
Links to main chapters with details: 15, 33, 34, 37, 39 and Annex A (informative) Management of assisted escape from buildings
- important information via two senses or more, e.g. visual, audible and tactile.
Links to main chapters with details: 38 and 39
5 Approach to the building
5.1 Arrival by motor vehicle
If no other national requirements or regulations are available the following minimum requirements concerning the number of parking places shall apply:
- total number of car parking spaces 1 – 49: not less than one designated parking space,
- for every additional 50 car parking spaces: one designated parking space.
It is important that the location of the designated parking spaces is clearly signposted at the entrance to the building site or car park. It is also important that such information directs the motorist to any specifically designated parking spaces and from these, to other facilities.
The designated parking spaces shall be located as near as possible to the principal entrance and the route from the accessible parking space to the main entrance should be 50 m or less.
The drop-off points for taxis, public transport etc. should be provided as near as possible to the main entrance.
