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CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS
PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA 201 3 LÍNGUA INGLESA
PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Data: 13 de julho de 2013.
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CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS
PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA 201 3 LÍNGUA INGLESA
New Guidelines Call for Broad Changes in Science Education By Justin Gillis
1 Educators unveiled new guidelines on Tuesday that call for sweeping changes in the way science is 2 taught in the United States — including, for the first time, a recommendation that climate change be 3 taught as early as middle school. 4 The guidelines also take a firm stand that children must learn about evolution, the central organizing 5 idea in the biological sciences for more than a century, but one that still provokes a backlash among 6 some religious conservatives. 7 The guidelines, known as the Next Generation Science Standards, are the first broad national 8 recommendations for science instruction since 1996. They were developed by a consortium of 26 state 9 governments and several groups representing scientists and teachers. States are not required to adopt 10 them, but 26 states have committed to seriously considering the guidelines. They include Arizona, 11 Arkansas, California, Iowa, Kansas and New York. Other states could also adopt the standards.
12 Educators involved in drawing them up said the guidelines were intended to combat widespread 13 scientific ignorance, to standardize teaching among states, and to raise the number of high school 14 graduates who choose scientific and technical majors in college, a critical issue for the country’s 15 economic future.
16 The focus would be helping students become more intelligent science consumers by learning how 17 scientific work is done: how ideas are developed and tested, what counts as strong or weak evidence, 18 and how insights from many disciplines fit together into a coherent picture of the world.
19 Leaders of the effort said that teachers may well wind up covering fewer subjects, but digging more 20 deeply into the ones they do cover. In some cases, traditional classes like biology and chemistry may 21 disappear entirely from high schools, replaced by courses that use a case-study method to teach science 22 in a more holistic way.
23 In many respects, the standards are meant to do for science what a separate set of guidelines known as 24 the Common Core is supposed to do for English and mathematics: impose and raise standards, with a 25 focus on critical thinking and primary investigation. To date, 45 states and Washington have adopted 26 the Common Core standards.
27 “This is a huge deal,” said David L. Evans, the executive director of the National Science Teachers 28 Association. “We depend on science in so many aspects of our lives. There’s a strong feeling that we 29 need to help people understand the nature of science itself, as an intellectual pursuit.”
30 The climate and evolution standards are just two aspects of a set of guidelines containing hundreds of 31 new ideas on how to teach science. But they have already drawn hostile commentary from conservative 32 groups critical of mainstream scientific thinking.
33 For instance, as the standards were being drafted, a group called Citizens for Objective Public 34 Education, which lists officers in Florida and Kansas, distributed a nine-page letter attacking them. It 35 warned that the standards ignored evidence against evolution, promoted “secular humanism,” and 36 threatened to “take away the right of parents to direct the religious education of their children.”
CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS
PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA 2013 LÍNGUA INGLESA
1. According to the text, the new guidelines require that the teaching of science in the U.S. should a) be swept off the school curriculum. b) focus on how to change the climate at schools. c) undergo major changes. d) be unveiled to educators. e) be recommended for its superior quality. 2. The expression take a firm stand (line 4) is closest in meaning to: a) adopt a strong position b) imagine a powerful theory c) suggest an incredible belief d) organize a mighty opinion e) provoke a solid backlash 3. The guidelines argue that teaching evolution to children is important because a) it will help organize the ideas of some religious conservative groups. b) it is an important theory in the field of organized ideas. c) it is the most important organizing concept in the biological sciences. d) it will provoke a backlash among some religious conservative groups. e) it will help children evolve biologically. 4. Identify three correct objectives of the new guidelines for science instruction. I. To fight against scientific ignorance. II. To expose those who are against the Next Generation Science Standards. III. To help students understand how scientific research is done. IV. To challenge religious doctrines. V. To motivate future college students to choose scientific and technical courses. The correct statements are: a) I, IV, V. b) II, III, V. c) I, III, IV. d) II, IV, V. e) I, III, V. 5. The pronoun This (line 27) refers to: a) the Common Core standards. b) the Next Generation Science Standards. c) critical thinking and primary investigation. d) English and mathematics. e) impose and raise standards.
CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS
PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA 2013 LÍNGUA INGLESA
6. The Citizens for Objective Public Education claim that the new guidelines a) should enlist officers in Florida and Kansas. b) represent a threat to the teaching of evolution. c) are against secular reasoning. d) are likely to interfere with the students’ religious education. e) should teach controversial topics only. 7. The term hailed (line 45) is closest in meaning to: a) signed. b) confirmed. c) explained. d) discussed. e) celebrated. 8. According to the text, the adoption of the new guidelines a) is expected to be translated into documents within the next year or two. b) has already forced state education departments to standardize their tests. c) is compelling schools to devise programs to train teachers in the material. d) has to happen when education departments and many schools are under economic pressure. e) will inevitably prove that some states should create their own guidelines. 9. Climate change and other large-scale environmental problems are seen as holding so much potential in the classroom because a) science classroom might change the standards. b) such topics will prevent students from learning principles from biology, chemistry and physics. c) teachers will be able to use the ideas and methods of many scientific disciplines in order to make students understand such problems. d) teachers will be forced to devise experiments to make those issues comprehensible. e) all students like topics which are considered polemical. 10. Based on the text, identify the true (T) and false (F) statements regarding Judith Luber-Narod: ( ) She is an educator who works in a slightly conservative American region. ( ) She has already started teaching her students about climate change. ( ) She was initially unsure whether she should teach about climate change. ( ) She carried out two experiments in order to demonstrate the benefits of the greenhouse effect. ( ) She claims that her students believe the effects of climate change once she provided them with evidence. The correct sequence is: a) T-F-F-T-F b) T-T-F-F-F c) T-F-T-F-F d) F-T-T-F-T e) T-T-T-F-F
