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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE (FURG)
INSTITUTO DE LETRAS E ARTES (ILA)
NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS EM LÍNGUA E LITERATURA INGLESAS (NELLI)
Prova de Proficiência em Leitura de Textos em Língua Estrangeira (Inglês) Nome completo: ____________________________________________________________________ N⁰ da carteira de identidade: ___________________________________________________________ Curso de Pós-graduação (para o qual é candidato ou no qual já é aluno): ________________________ MESTRADO ( ) DOUTORADO ( ) Instituição: ________________________________________________________________________ Tempo para realização da prova: 2 horas e 30 minutos Prazo máximo para entrega dos resultados: 9 de julho de 2012 (Conforme Edital) Leia atentamente o texto Our friends in the South e responda às questões propostas. Verifique se este caderno contém 10 questões (exercícios I – IV). Observe os seguintes critérios: Nota final: · As respostas devem ser escritas em Língua Portuguesa (exceto se houver indicação contrária); · As respostas finais devem ser feitas no próprio caderno e à caneta (azul ou preta); · Traduções literais devem ser evitadas; · Questões rasuradas não serão corrigidas; · Dicionários podem ser consultados; · Não é permitido emprestar e/ou pedir material emprestado; · O uso de corretivo líquido não é permitido; · A folha de rascunho deve ser devolvida ao final da prova (mesmo que esteja em branco).
Our friends in the South 1 BRAZIL has probably never mattered more to America than it does now. America has 2 probably never mattered less to Brazil. Not that relations are bad between the two countries – far from 3 it; they are increasingly cordial and productive. But America has finally, belatedly, woken up to the 4 fact there is a vast, stable country to its south as well as its north; a country, moreover, with a fast- 5 growing and voraciously consuming middle class that seems to offer salvation to American businesses 6 struggling in a moribund domestic market. Brazil, meanwhile, neither needs loans from American- 7 dominated global financial institutions, nor is it otherwise beholden to the country. The United States 8 is no longer even its biggest trading partner. China took that spot in 2009. 9 A more balanced relationship may be a more fruitful one too. Since Barack Obama’s visit to 10 Rio de Janeiro and Brasília last year, America has delighted Brazil by removing import tariffs on its 11 ethanol and piloting a scheme to make it easier for Brazilians to get visas – two long-standing 12 bugbears. Brazil’s president, Dilma Rousseff, makes a return visit to Washington in the coming week, 13 and there is much to talk about still. What Brazil wants from America above all is endorsement for a 14 seat on the UN Security Council. Britain has already backed its bid, and during his visit to Brazil Mr 15 Obama made baby steps in the same direction, acknowledging Brazil’s “aspiration”, though stopping 16 short of full support. 17 That support is unlikely to be forthcoming, at least in the near future. Though Brazil is hardly 18 geopolitically troublesome, its worldview – a hard-to-pin-down blend of pragmatism, relativism and a 19 seemingly indiscriminate willingness to be friends with everyone – is unappealing to the United 20 States. The previous president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, was flexible enough to be “my man” to 21 Barack Obama and “our brother” to Fidel Castro. In 2010 Lula stuck his neck out trying to co-broker, 22 with Turkey, an anti-proliferation agreement with Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. That 23 infuriated countries far more important to Brazil’s strategic interests, and left Lula looking silly when 24 Mr Ahmedinejad made no concessions in return. Ms Rousseff has rowed back from that friendship, 25 but it reinforced an impression that Brazil is unpredictable and naive. 26 Mr Obama will surely want to know, too, what exactly Brazil means by its big new foreign- 27 policy idea. That is to complement the UN’s justification for intervention in another country’s affairs 28 under the rubric “Responsibility to Protect” with “Responsibility while Protecting” after it has gone in. 29 Since Brazil tends not to support going in in the first place, when would it want to see this new 30 responsibility kick in? Even some experienced and sympathetic diplomatic observers in Brasília say 31 they have no idea what concrete difference this would make on the ground. 32 For America, trade, not diplomacy, will surely be top of the agenda. Judging from the number 33 of American investors turning up in São Paulo every week, Mr Obama must hear about the glowing 34 opportunities Brazil presents in just about every time he meets businessfolk. But with the most 35 overvalued currency of any big economy, Brazil’s own industrialists are prodding the government to 36 keep imports out. It has hiked already-high tariffs on many imports even further, and is taxing foreign- 37 currency inflows increasingly heavily to keep out speculative inflows. Brazil has made it clear it only 38 wants long-term investment, and is only interested in foreign businesses that are willing to make 39 whatever it is they want to sell in Brazil. 40 If Mr Obama tries to argue for freer trade, he will get short shrift. Both Ms Rousseff and her 41 finance minister, Guido Mantega, regard the floods of cheap money being pumped out by the Fed and 42 the European Central Bank as a far worse trade distortion than Brazilian barriers, which they term 43 “safeguards” rather than “protectionism”. Brazil’s drift towards protectionism is in fact becoming a 44 problem for its own economy. But that is an argument for another day. Mr Obama will surely be aware 45 there is still a lot of mileage to be got out of helping American companies to set up shop in Brazil. Referências Our friends in the South. In: The Economist. Abril de 2012. Disponível em . Acesso em: 07 de abril de 2012.
- Na intenção de evitar a especulação, o governo brasileiro: (a) impõe taxação elevada ao fluxo de moeda estrangeira no país. (b) declara o interesse do país em investimentos de longo prazo. (c) reduz tarifas referentes à entrada de divisas estrangeiras no país. (d) adota medidas protecionistas criticadas ao redor de todo mundo. (e) adota medidas protecionistas criticadas pelos Estados Unidos. II. De acordo com as informações citadas no texto, que acontecimento causou desconforto internacional para Lula no ano de 2010? (1,0)
III. Escreva o excerto abaixo em Português: (1,0) Both Ms Rousseff and her finance minister, Guido Mantega, regard the floods of cheap money being pumped out by the Fed and the European Central Bank as a far worse trade distortion than Brazilian barriers, which they term “safeguards” rather than “protectionism”. (linhas 40-43).
IV. No espaço abaixo, elabore um parágrafo no qual a ideia principal do texto é resumida. Fatos, pessoas e instituições envolvidas devem ser citados. (1,0)
