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Universidade Federal de Goiás Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução
Prova de Seleção 2012
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After reading the article below, choose the best answer to each of the ten questions. Answer all questions based only on what is stated or implied in the article
Inspirational Chemistry
H. Gray and J. Labinger
Science 2011, 331:
Throughout 2011, nations are celebrating the International Year of Chemistry. This
worldwide recognition of the importance of chemistry is somewhat unusual. It is true that chemistry
has been called “the central science,” not only by chemists but even in Wikipedia (of course, that
article may have been written by a chemist), perhaps as a metaphor for its role in connections
between the fundamental concepts of physics and the practical problems of biology. Furthermore, it
is the discipline that will continue to drive the discoveries that tackle today's most vexing
challenges: solving the energy problem, developing and producing new treatments for diseases,
devising advanced materials for a host of applications, and many more. It seems most appropriate to
talk of chemistry as overlapping, rather than bridging, other disciplines. And most certainly it is
time to celebrate the creative future of chemistry, which lies in myriad directions.
So why does chemistry often take a back seat to other sciences? Traditionally (for most of the
20th century, at least), the paradigmatic face of science in the public view was physics; more
recently, biology appears to be sharing (or even taking over) that role. Curiously, chemistry has
never been able to claim a comparable place in the sun. Some people have argued that chemistry is
ultimately reducible to physics; others, that chemistry is merely technology, a collection of enabling
methodologies, posing no deep questions and offering no profound meaning. Although chemistry
unquestionably has its own eloquent spokespersons, few if any are household names—counterparts
to the likes of Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, or Stephen Jay Gould. The grand themes that attract
Question 1:
The author focuses primarily on…
(A) the role of chemistry as a science that links physics and biology (B) how chemistry could be reduced to physics in order to contribute to biology (C) the reasons why chemistry is not as popular as other sciences (D) how chemistry develops technology that are used as methodologies in other sciences (E) the importance of the International Year of Chemistry to the worldwide community of scientists
Question 2:
Which of the following statements about the role of chemistry as a science is accurate?
(A) Chemistry is the leading science in the development of energy efficient technology (B) Even without integration with chemistry, physics and biology may be able to answer complex questions (C) Chemistry is important because it interacts and contributes to both physics and biology, therefore participating in development of important scientific concepts (D) Challenging scientific questions in biology and physics, such as photosynthesis, were already answered by chemists (E) Because chemistry is complex, other fields of science have attracted more attention
Question 3:
It can be inferred from the passage about the problems faced by chemistry that…
(A) without a deep understanding of chemical concepts, biologist would have never described photosynthesis (B) only chemists are able to fully grasp the magnitude of the challenge behind the scientific questions that they tackle (C) chemists still do not fully understand the process of photosynthesis (D) photosynthesis is the most fundamental problem in chemistry (E) the International Year of Chemistry celebrates the solution of the most important question in chemistry: photosynthesis
Question 4:
According to the author, “chemistry often takes a back seat to other sciences” because…
(A) the public has been mislead into the belief that physics and biology are more important (B) chemistry can be reduced to physics in a small scale (C) questions in chemistry are not complex or have limited importance (D) most popular science communicators have no background in chemistry (E) paramount questions in chemistry are implicit in major scientific problems, which overlap with other fields
Question 5:
The author implies which of the following about energy issues?
(A) Scientific advances in chemistry could enable not only the reduction of carbon emissions, but also to sequester carbon from the atmosphere (B) Lessons learned by chemists on describing the photosynthesis process make them the best candidates to solve the energy related issues (C) Chemists use energy in a more efficient way than scientists of other fields (D) Chemistry holds the answers to the methodological challenges of developing cutting-edge solar power technology (E) Emerging energy requirements are increasing because policy makers are unaware of technological achievements in the field of chemistry
Question 6:
It can be inferred from the passage that the recognition of chemistry’s merit in scientific discoveries would be strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?
(A) Chemists successfully develop technological innovation that solves energy related problems (B) General acknowledgment that most complex scientific questions and important discoveries are interdisciplinary (C) The celebration of the International Year of Chemistry takes place at a developing nation, where the general public tends to know less about recent achievements in the field of chemistry (D) Eloquent spokespersons, such as Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan and Stephen Jay Gould, start writing about major breakthroughs in chemistry (E) People stop arguing that chemistry is reducible to physics, or merely an assembly of highly technological methods
Question 7:
It can be inferred from the passage that “to cope with world’s long-term energy needs” it is necessary to…
(A) support projects on research and engineering that aims to create ultra-efficient technology to convert sunlight into other forms of energy that could be used by humans (B) recognize the place of chemistry among the most important scientific fields (C) create an international multidisciplinary effort, integrating physics, biology and chemistry, to increase the efficiency of fossil fuels (D) use photosynthesis to oxidize water to oxygen in a worldwide scale (E) reverse the natural photosynthetic process, which has been operating on carbon dioxide during several billions of years
